文法JLPT N2 grammar
141 grammar patterns with meanings, usage and examples
- ～は抜きにしてwa nuki ni shite Leaving aside; without bringing something inSet aside an element, topic, or formality in order to focus on something else. Joudan wa nuki ni shite means joking aside. It does not necessarily mea...
- ～反面hanmen On the other hand; while also having an opposite sideContrast two sides of the same thing or situation, often an advantage and a disadvantage. It does not merely connect any unrelated opposing events. It...
- ～も～なら～も、～も～ば～もmo ba mo mo nara mo Both ... and ...; not only one aspect but another tooList two coexisting facts or qualities, often both favorable or both unfavorable. Ba here does not necessarily mean a hypothetical if. The noun mo nou...
- ～やら～やらyara yara Things like ... and ...; ... and ... among other thingsList examples from a larger set or mixed feelings, often suggesting busyness, confusion, or difficulty managing everything. The list is not exhaustive...
- ～よりほかないyori hoka nai Have no choice but toState that no alternative remains except the action mentioned. It often expresses reluctant acceptance of circumstances. It does not mean should not d...
- ～を中心に（して）/～を中心としてo chuushin ni Centered on; with something as the main focusMake a place, person, or subject the center around which activities are organized or developed. It need not be a geometric center; it can be the main...
- ～を通じてo tsuujite Through an intermediary; throughout a periodIndicate a channel or intermediary, or the whole duration of a period. With an experience, it can describe what is gained through that experience. The...
- をとわずwo-towazu regardless of / irrespective ofDisregards distinctions in a category such as age, gender, or experience; common in announcements.
- もっともmottomo However; that said; most (a separate use)As the conjunction 尤も, add a qualification or limitation to the previous statement, meaning however or that said. Distinguish the adverb 最も, most,...
- 〜ばいいのにba-ii-noni If only; why don't youExpresses an unrealized wish or advice with regret, and can sometimes sound reproachful.
- にあたるni-ataru Correspond to; fall onExpresses correspondence or a coinciding date; distinguish にあたって introducing an important occasion.
- ～以外のigai-no Other than; except以外の modifies a noun; 以外に is used adverbially or when adding something else.
- ～なるべくnarubeku As much as possible; if possibleRequests or describes doing something to the extent possible.
- ～別に～ないbetsuni-nai Not particularlyUsually pairs with a negative predicate to deny any special degree or particular reason.
- ～たしかtashika If I remember correctlyIntroduces a memory that is not fully certain; distinguish 確かに, which confirms or concedes a point.
- 何といってもnanto-ittemo Above all; after allHighlights the strongest reason or most notable feature among several factors.
- ～に気をつけるni-ki-wo-tsukeru Pay attention to; be careful aboutに marks what requires attention or caution.
- ろくに～ないrokuni-nai Not properly; hardlyExpresses criticism or regret that something has not been done adequately.
- ～に越したことはないni-koshita-koto-wa-nai Nothing is better than; it is best toStates an ideal or prudent choice rather than an absolute obligation.
- ～くせにkuseni Even though; despiteUsually expresses criticism, often with the same subject in both clauses; it can be rude toward a superior.
- ～およびoyobi And; as well asConnects nouns in formal documents, rules, and notices rather than casual conversation.
- ～まんいち（万一）manichi If by any chance; in the unlikely eventIntroduces an unlikely or adverse contingency and an appropriate response.
- ～にかけては／～にかけてもni-kakete-wa When it comes to; in the field ofUsually introduces an area of outstanding ability rather than any neutral topic.
- ～かねないkanenai Might; could unfortunatelyPredicts an undesirable possibility; distinguish かねる expressing difficulty or inability to comply.
- ～からなる(成る)kara-naru Consist of; be made up ofDescribes the components forming a whole, often in explanatory writing.
- ～ないで済むnaide-sumu Manage without doing; be spared having toAn action is avoided because circumstances or another solution make it unnecessary.
- ～ないわけにはいかないnai-wake-niwa-ikanai Cannot avoid doing; have toDuty or social circumstances make it impossible to leave an action undone.
- ～た上でta-ue-de After doing; once completedEmphasizes a prior step that should be completed before the next decision or action.
- ～ような気がするyou-na-ki-ga-suru Have a feeling that; seemExpresses a subjective impression without enough certainty for a firm assertion.
- ～いったん～ば／と／たらittan Once; for a timeWith a conditional, describes a state difficult to reverse once reached; it can also mean temporarily.