上に (ue-ni): Besides; on top of
～上に (ue-ni)
Meaning
Besides; on top of
Formation and usage
plain clause + 上に; Nの／な-adjective な + 上に
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation
Adds two qualities or reasons pointing in the same direction, usually both positive or both negative.
Examples
会議は長い上に、休憩もない。
The event, the meeting, is long and has no breaks on top of that.
試験は長い上に、休憩もない。
The event, the exam, is long and has no breaks on top of that.
研修は長い上に、休憩もない。
The event, the training session, is long and has no breaks on top of that.
発表会は長い上に、休憩もない。
The event, the presentation event, is long and has no breaks on top of that.
面接は長い上に、休憩もない。
The event, the interview, is long and has no breaks on top of that.
How related patterns differ
上に, に加えて, and のみならず add information. はもとより treats the first as obvious; もさることながら draws greater attention to the second. にもまして exceeds a comparison standard. および mainly joins nouns in formal text.