しえきかたち
siekikatachi
The causative form; make or let
Formation 接続
Group 1: a-row + せる; group 2: remove る + させる; する→させる; 来る→来させる
Explanation 説明
Describes causing or allowing another person to act. The context tells whether the person was forced, encouraged or permitted.
Examples 例文
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赤ちゃんがなかなか寝ない時は、赤ちゃんにクラシック音楽を 聞かせる とよく寝ると聞いた。
I heard that when a baby will not sleep, playing classical music for them helps them sleep well.
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部下に今日は残業せず帰りたいと言われたのですぐ帰らせた。
My subordinate said they wanted to go home without working overtime today, so I let them leave immediately.
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子供がやりたいと言ったことはやらせてあげたい。
I want to let my child do the things they say they want to do.
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彼女は子どもにごはんを食べさせた。
She had the child eat a meal.
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私は病気をしたので、両親を心配させました。
I became ill and made my parents worry.
How related patterns differ 比較
The passive presents the affected participant; the potential expresses ability. The causative allows or makes another person act, and the causative passive describes being made to act. Check particles and participants as well as verb endings.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| しえきかたち | The causative form; make or let | 赤ちゃんがなかなか寝ない時は、赤ちゃんにクラシック音楽を 聞かせる とよく寝ると聞いた。 I heard that when a baby will not sleep, playing classical music for them helps them sleep well. |
| ～Ｖ受身 | Be acted on; passive verb forms | 私は母にほめられました。 I was praised by my mother. |
| ～Ｖ可能形 | Can; be able to; potential verb forms | 私は日本語の新聞が読めます。 I can read Japanese newspapers. |
| ～V 使役 | Make or let someone do; causative | 母は子どもに野菜を食べさせました。 The mother made her child eat vegetables. |
| ～Ｖ使役受身 | Be made to do; causative passive | 私は先生に作文を書かされました。 I was made to write a composition by the teacher. |
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