にもかかわらず (ni-mo-kakawarazu): Despite; although
～にもかかわらず (ni-mo-kakawarazu)
Meaning
Despite; although
Formation and usage
plain clause／N + にもかかわらず; な-adjective + であるにもかかわらず
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation
Introduces an outcome contrary to expectation; distinguish にかかわらず meaning regardless of a condition.
Examples
けがにもかかわらず、計画は予定どおり進んだ。
Despite an injury, the plan went ahead on schedule.
大雨にもかかわらず、計画は予定どおり進んだ。
Despite heavy rain, the plan went ahead on schedule.
周囲の反対にもかかわらず、計画は予定どおり進んだ。
Despite opposition from others, the plan went ahead on schedule.
資金不足にもかかわらず、計画は予定どおり進んだ。
Despite a lack of funds, the plan went ahead on schedule.
人手不足にもかかわらず、計画は予定どおり進んだ。
Despite a shortage of staff, the plan went ahead on schedule.
How related patterns differ
くせに often reproaches; ものの and とはいえ qualify an admitted fact. にもかかわらず contradicts expectations; といえども and とて are formal concessions. たところで often judges an action ineffective; からといって rejects an automatic inference.