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Đề Thi Tiếng Nhật

Grammar Level N1


(で)すら (sura): Even

~(で)すら (sura)

Meaning

even

Formation and usage

N + (で)すら

Explanation

Highlights an extreme example; more literary or formal than さえ.

Examples

忙しくて、資料すら読めなかった。

I was so busy that I could not even read the documents.

忙しくて、報告書すら読めなかった。

I was so busy that I could not even read the report.

忙しくて、説明書すら読めなかった。

I was so busy that I could not even read the instructions.

忙しくて、計画書すら読めなかった。

I was so busy that I could not even read the written plan.

忙しくて、申込書すら読めなかった。

I was so busy that I could not even read the application form.

How related patterns differ

さえ and すら give extreme examples; たりとも excludes even the smallest amount. はおろか denies a more basic case. どころか counters an expectation; どころではない leaves no room to act. のみ and にすぎない limit things with different emphasis.


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