つつ (tsutsu): While doing; although
~つつ (tsutsu)
Meaning
While doing; although
Formation and usage
V stem + つつ
Notation: N = noun; V dictionary = dictionary-form verb; V stem = the stem before ます; plain clause = plain-form clause; negative stem = the form before ない. Follow the attachment shown above.
Explanation
Usually links actions by the same subject and is more written than ながら; つつも commonly marks a concession.
Examples
資料を確認しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While checking the documents, I noted the points that caught my attention.
先生に相談しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While consulting the teacher, I noted the points that caught my attention.
計画を見直しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While reviewing the plan, I noted the points that caught my attention.
会場を下見しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While inspecting the venue beforehand, I noted the points that caught my attention.
十分に練習しつつ、気づいた点をメモした。
While practicing thoroughly, I noted the points that caught my attention.
How related patterns differ
ながらも and つつも express contrast, while ながら and つつ also have separate simultaneous-action uses. 反面 contrasts two aspects of one thing; に反して means contrary to expectations or rules. にかかわらず means the result does not depend on a condition.