〜とか〜とか
toka toka
Such as; things like; saying things such as
Formation 接続
N / plain clause + とか、N / plain clause + とか
Explanation 説明
Lists examples in a conversational, non-exhaustive way. It can list objects, actions or quoted statements.
Examples 例文
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隣の席の山田さんは、文句が多い。いつも疲れたとか仕事が多いとか言っている。
Mr. Yamada, who sits next to me, complains a lot. He is always saying he is tired or has too much work.
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皮肉とか嫌味とか、そういうつもりで言ったんじゃないです。
I did not mean it as sarcasm or an insult.
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休みの日に遊ぶ友達とかいない。
I do not have friends or anyone to hang out with on my days off.
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将来は漫画家とか作家とかになりたい。
In the future, I want to become a manga artist, a writer or something like that.
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新生活が始まるし、家具とか買わないといけない。
I am starting a new life, so I need to buy furniture and things.
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すぐ自慢する奴とか嫌い。
I dislike people who immediately start boasting and the like.
How related patterns differ 比較
など and とか can give non-exhaustive examples. なんか and なんて add colloquial or emotional nuance. やら～やら often suggests a mixed collection, while をはじめ introduces a representative example of a group.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜とか〜とか | Such as; things like; saying things such as | 隣の席の山田さんは、文句が多い。いつも疲れたとか仕事が多いとか言っている。 Mr. Yamada, who sits next to me, complains a lot. He is always saying he is tired or has too much work. |
| N+をはじめ | Including; notably; starting with | 今年はベトナムをはじめ、東南アジアの各国を旅行したいと思っている。 This year, I would like to travel to countries across Southeast Asia, including Vietnam. |
| ～など／なんか／なんて | Such as; things like; dismissive or surprised emphasis | 机の上には本やノートなどがあります。 There are books, notebooks, and similar things on the desk. |
| ～も～なら～も、～も～ば～も | Both ... and ...; not only one aspect but another too | 彼女は英語も話せれば、中国語も話せます。 She can speak both English and Chinese. |
| ～やら～やら | Things like ... and ...; ... and ... among other things | 机の上には本やら書類やらが積んであります。 Books, documents, and all sorts of things are piled on the desk. |
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