〜こと
koto
A rule or instruction; must; must not
N3JLPT
Formation 接続
V dictionary form + こと; Vない + こと; N + のこと in notices
Explanation 説明
A concise written instruction used in rules, notices and requirements. The negative form prohibits an action.
Examples 例文
-
テストのときは携帯電話はカバンの中にしまうこと。
Keep your mobile phone in your bag during the test.
-
明日は９時に教室前に集合のこと。
Gather in front of the classroom at nine tomorrow.
-
レポートは来週の火曜日までに提出すること。
Submit the report by next Tuesday.
-
お弁当は各自持ってくること。
Everyone must bring their own boxed lunch.
-
図書館では食べ物を食べないこと。
Do not eat food in the library.
How related patterns differ 比較
尊敬語 honors another person's actions, while 謙譲語 humbles one's own side to show respect. Directive こと is used for written rules; として marks a capacity or role and is not itself an honorific form.
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 〜こと | A rule or instruction; must; must not | テストのときは携帯電話はカバンの中にしまうこと。 Keep your mobile phone in your bag during the test. |
| ～として | As; in the capacity of | 先輩としてのアドバイス Advice from a senior colleague. |
| ～のが | Nominalizing an action as a subject | ねるのが すきです。 I like sleeping. |
| ～のを | Nominalizing an action as an object | 薬を買うのを忘れました。 I forgot to buy medicine. |
| ～のは | Nominalizing an action as a topic | たんごをおぼえるのはたいへんです。 Memorizing vocabulary is hard. |
Comments posted (0)